Using a sharp knife, cut 1 to 2 inches from the tough ends. Lay each spear flat on a cutting board and peel from just below the tip to the trimmed end. Rinse and pat dry.
Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat until shimmering.
Arrange the asparagus in a single layer and season with salt and pepper. Carefully pour in the water. Cover and cook for 5 minutes, shaking the pan occasionally.
Remove the lid and reduce the heat to medium. Sauté for about 3 minutes, tossing frequently, until the asparagus is browned in spots and crisp-tender. Transfer to a plate.
Reduce the heat to low and add the butter to the skillet. Once melted, add the garlic and cook for about 30 seconds, stirring constantly.
Remove the skillet from the heat and stir in the lemon juice. Return the asparagus to the skillet and toss with the garlic-lemon butter. Serve hot.
Notes
Choose thick asparagus spears that are at least ½ inch wide at the base.
Keep each spear flat on the cutting board while peeling so it doesn’t snap.
Use a skillet large enough to arrange the asparagus in one layer. Cook in batches if necessary.
For thinner asparagus: Skip peeling and reduce the cooking time. Add only a splash of water, cover for 2 to 3 minutes, then sauté uncovered just until crisp-tender.
Storage: Store leftovers in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 3 days.